It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

它聚合烯， 但分子本身烷。

Sometimes the oils are fully hydrogenated, creating saturated alkanes.

有时油会完全氢，产生饱和烷。

First, alkanes are always named based on the longest possible continuous chain in their structure.

首先，烷总根据其结构中最长的连续链命名。

They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

它们可以烷或烯，有时甚至很少炔。

I'm not gonna go through them all. There are a few naming rules that are specific to alkanes.

我不会一一列举。 有一些特定于烷的命名规则。

Alkanes are just more of the same, add another carbon to lengthen the chain.

烷只更多相同，添加另一个碳以延长链。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯可以变烷，炔可以变烯或烷，具体取决于添加的原子数。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里只有一个字母发生变：烷中的 A 变烯中的 E，然后变炔中的 Y。

The first is the kind that made alkane the most common fuel for combustion or burning.

第一种使烷最常见的燃烧或燃烧燃料。

The final reaction type is dehydrogenation, and it, somewhat obviously, is the removal of hydrogen atoms from alkanes.

最后的反应类型脱氢， 从某种程度上来说，它从烷中去除氢原子。

The fully saturated hydrocarbons I just described are usually called by the much simpler name, alkanes.

我刚刚描述的完全饱和的碳氢合物通常用更简单的名称命名， 即烷。

But there are 3 types of alkane reactions that are important enough for us to cover right now right here.

但有 3 种类型的烷反应非常重要， 我们现在就在这里进行介绍。

The simplest of the alkanes is one you've heard of before, methane, or CH4, the main compound in natural gas.

最简单的烷您以前听说过的甲烷或 CH4， 它天然气中的主要合物。

Combustion is the type of reaction that powers your car and your propane grill, even candles among many other alkane fuels.

燃烧一种您的汽车和丙烷烤架提供动力的反应类型，甚至蜡烛和许多其他烷燃料。

Things get more interesting, though, with the next alkane, butane, C4H10, because there are two different forms of it.

不过，对于下一个烷丁烷 C4H10， 事情变得更加有趣，因它有两种不同的形式。

Now suppose you have more than one of the same size group attached to the same chain, like two methyl groups on the same alkane.

现在假设您有多个相同大小的基团连接到同一条链上，例如同一烷上的两个甲基。

The next simplest alkane contains 2 carbons side by side, each one of them in bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms.

下一个最简单的烷包含 2 个并排的碳原子， 每个碳原子都与 3 个氢原子键合。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三组不同的有机合物：所有单键的烷，含有双键的烯，含有一个或多个三键的炔。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意的话，你会发现带有双键的碳氢合物称烯， 带有三键的碳氢合物称炔， 并且命名规则与烷相同。

So alkanes with 5 to 18 chains of carbon atoms like octane and gasoline are liquids at room temperature and those with more than 18 carbon atoms like paraffin or other waxes are solids.

因此，具有 5 到 18 个碳原子链的烷（如辛烷和汽油）在室温下液体，而那些具有超过 18 个碳原子的烷（如石蜡或其他蜡）固体。