Purple tea contains a substance known as anthocyanin, which gives the leaves the purple color, and other substances.

紫茶含有一种叫做花青素物质，它使叶子呈紫，紫茶还含有其他物质。

Both are rich sources of anthocyanins, a type of plant chemical called polyphenols that gives them their deep color.

它们都富含花青素，这是一种被称为多酚植物化学物质，使它们呈现出深颜。

Red and purple hues stem from secondary pigments called anthocyanins, while carotenoids and xanthophylls yield oranges and yellows, respectively.

紫调来自花青素等辅助素，而类胡萝卜素叶素分别产生橙。

There’s lycopene , from tomatoes, and anthocyanins from red cabbage.

有来自西番茄素来自紫甘蓝花青素。

Nor will it immediately harm certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, like anthocyanins and flavonols, she said.

她说，它也不会立即损害某些抗氧化剂抗炎化合物，例如花青素酮醇。

Leaves that had been exposed had significantly higher levels of defensive chemicals like glucosinolates and anthocyanins, making them much harder for the caterpillars to eat.

暴露在外叶子含有明显更高水平防御性化学物质，如芥子油苷花青素，使毛毛虫更难吃掉它们。

That something could be anthocyanin, or it could be a dangerous toxin, but the knob itself isn't the problem, nor is the process by which it was added.

它可能是花青素，也可能是一种危险毒素，但基因本身不是问题，添加它过程也不是问题。

What's puzzling is that anthocyanins are actually newly minted, made in the leaves at the same time as the tree is preparing to drop them.

令人费解是，花青素实际上是新产生，是在树准备落叶同时在树叶中产生。

But it is hard to make sense of the manufacture of anthocyanins—why should a tree bother making new chemicals in its leaves when it's already scrambling to withdraw and preserve the ones already there?

但是很难理解花青素制造过程——当一棵树已经在争先恐后地提取保存已经存在化学物质时，为什么还要费心在它叶子中制造新化学物质呢？

F Perhaps the most plausible suggestion as to why leaves would go to the trouble of making anthocyanins when they're busy packing up for the winter is the theory known as the 'light screen' hypothesis.

F 关于为什么叶子在忙于收拾过冬时会费力制造花青素，也许最合理建议是被称为“光屏”假说理论。

D Some theories about anthocyanins have argued that they might act as a chemical defence against attacks by insects or fungi, or that they might attract fruit-eating birds or increase a leaf's tolerance to freezing.

D 一些关于花青素理论认为，它们可能作为一种化学防御剂来抵御昆虫或真菌攻击，或者它们可能会吸引食果鸟类或增加叶子抗冻能力。

However there are problems with each of these theories, including the fact that leaves are red for such a relatively short period that the expense of energy needed to manufacture the anthocyanins would outweigh any anti-fungal or anti-herbivore activity achieved.

然而，这些理论中每一个都存在问题，包括叶子变时间相对较短，以至于制造花青素所需能量消耗将超过所实现任何抗真菌或抗食草动物活性。