Apomixes is comparable to the conditions of apogamy and apospory, which are seen in many ferns.

在许植物中常见的无融合生殖包括无配子生殖无孢子生殖。

Homosporous ferns produce sporophytes by intra gametophytic selfing, inter gametophytic mating, or apogamy.Gametangium ontogeny, genetic load, and ploidy affect the mating system of each species.

摘要型孢子的孢子体可配子体自交、异配子体交配两配育系统或以无配生殖的方式产生，异配子体交配又可分为异配子体自交异配子体异交两种方式。