In some species, such as aphids, the flightless morph lacks wings and is called the apterous morph.

一些昆，如蚜，出现无个体，被称为无型。

Compared with virginoparae, the genetic relationship between fundatrix and the first generation of virginoparae (apterous) produced by fundatrix (apterous) was much close.

③干母和干的遗传关系很近,蚜已与二者有分化.