Your brain is 10% neurons, and 90% glial cells.

大脑由 10% 的元和 90% 的质细胞构成。

They arise from supportive glial cells as well as neurons.

其源于质细胞或元。

And this tissue also is made up of two different cell types — neurons and glial cells.

这种由两种不同的细胞类型成：元和质细胞。

Among the fibers is the structural protein glial fibrillary acidic protein that is typically found in astrocytes.

这些纤维中有结构状蛋白——质纤维酸性蛋白，这些蛋白通常存在于星形细胞中。

But more than that the supportive cells called glial cells are now cleaning up the toxins that the neurons produce.

但是除此之外，叫作质细胞的支持细胞，会在你睡觉时清除元产生的毒。

The theory is that if you really tax your brain, the neurofibers will become thicker and the glial cells more lustrous.

理论上来说如果你真的充分利用了大脑那你的纤维会更加粗壮质细胞会更有光泽。

Fischman: So those supporting cells are called glial cells.

Fischman：所以这些支持细胞被称为质细胞。

In one example, gamergates have 40% more of a certain type of glial cell in the brain.

在一个例子中，玩家门的大脑中某种类型的质细胞多出 40%。

While you sleep, there are cells in your brain called 'glial cells.' These are the janitors of your brain.

当您睡觉时，您的大脑中存在称为“质细胞”的细胞。这些是你大脑的看门人。

Once thought to play merely a supportive role, glial cells are now recognized as active contributors to the brain's functioning.

质细胞曾被认为仅仅发挥支持作用，现在被认为是大脑功能的积极贡献者。

Until recently, we thought the glial cells surrounding neurons were just support structures, but now we know they have a huge role in influencing nociception.

直到最近，我们还认为元周围的质细胞只是支持结构，但现在我们知道它们在影响伤害性方面有着巨大的作用。

The other type of nervous cells, the glial cells, are like the neuron's pit crew, providing support, insulation, and protection, and tethering them to blood vessels.

另一种类型的细胞，质细胞，就像元的坑船员，提供支持，绝缘和保护，并将它们拴在血管上。

Delving Deeper: The Brain's Dark Matter Beyond neurons, the brain consists of another category of cells, often overshadowed but equally critical: glial cells.

深入研究：大脑的暗物质 除了元之外，大脑还包含另一类细胞，它们常常被忽视但同样重要：质细胞。

Ammonia appears to mainly target astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the brain, and although the mechanisms aren't fully understood, ammonia seems to cause astrocyte swelling and oxidative damage.

氨主要出现在星形质细胞中，它是脑内的一种质细胞，虽然具体的机制我们仍然不清楚，不过氨似乎能导致星形质细胞肿大和氧化损伤。

Finally, excess dopamine in the synapse is reuptaken back into the neuron, or into glial cells where it gets metabolized by Monoamine Oxidase (abbreviated MAO) and Catechol-O-methyltransferase (abbreviated COMT).

最后，突触中过量的多巴胺被重新吸收回元或质细胞由单胺氧化酶（简称MAO）和儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶代谢的细胞（缩写COMT）。

Research suggests that beta-amyloid proteins that accumulate in the brain of Alzheimer's patients may cause abnormal rise in extrasynaptic glutamate levels by inhibiting glutamate uptake or triggering glutamate release from glial cells.

研究表明，在老年痴呆症患者的大脑中积累的β淀粉样蛋白患者可能通过抑制谷氨酸摄取导致突触外谷氨酸水平异常升高或者触发质细胞释放谷氨酸盐。

There are different types of neurons that take care of different functions, but in general, your neurons enable you to process and transmit information, while your glial cells surround your neurons, providing them with support and insulation.

不同种类的元有不同功能，但总的来说，元可以处理和传递信息，质细胞包围着元，为它们提供支持并起到绝缘作用。

It's important to note that while the MAO enzyme exists in two forms, known as type A and type B, the type that is predominantly found in the glial cells is the MAO type B.

需要注意的是，MAO酶以两种形式存在，即类型A型和B型，主要在质细胞中发现的类型是B型MAO。

So if you don't get enough sleep, the glial cells won't have enough time to do their jobs and you'll wake up at the morning with some extra amyloid in your brain that wasn't cleared away.

因此，如果你没有足够的睡眠，质细胞将没有足够的时间来完成它们的工作，你会在早上醒来，大脑中有一些额外的淀粉样蛋白没有被清除。