These fungi have countless branching, thread-like hyphae that together make up the mycelium.

这些真菌有无数的分枝，线状菌丝共同构成了菌丝体。

Molds form branches that are like thin threads called hyphae.

霉菌的分枝像细细的线，它们被称作菌丝。

In a single pinch of dirt, these hyphae, when lined up, can extend 11 km!

在小撮土里，这些菌丝如果排成排能够延伸 11 公里。

That means that the sugars flow from the tree roots into the fungal hyphae.

这意味着糖分从树根流入真菌菌丝。

Only in this way can the hypha be preserved.

只有这样。菌丝才不被破坏。

Two plants were surrounded with a 40-micron mesh.This can be penetrated by hyphae but not by roots.

另两株植物则被直径40微米的筛孔环绕，这种，蚕豆根无法穿过，真菌却可以透而过。

They also extend hair-like filaments called hyphae into the soil which pump water even more efficiently than the tree's own roots.

它们还将像样叫做称为菌丝的细丝延伸到土壤中，它比树木自身的根部吸水效率更高。

They multiply and metamorphose— substituting their rounded structures for elongated thread-like forms called hyphae.

它们繁殖和变形——用它们的圆形结构代替称为菌丝的细长线状形式。

The white thin hair is the hypha of mucor, which gives tofu a new vitality.

白色的细丝是毛霉菌的菌丝是它们赋予豆腐新的活力。

They took their inspiration directly from nature, observing movement patterns in fungal hyphae, brain neurons, and pollen tubes.

他们直接从大自然中汲取灵感，观察真菌菌丝、脑神经元和花粉管的运动模式。

The strange food covered with white hypha is actually tofu.

这些附着着白色菌丝的奇特食物它们的实质是豆腐。

He did this by inserting tiny microelectrodes into substrates colonised by their patchwork of hyphae threads, their mycelia.

为此，他将微小的微电极插入由菌丝丝拼凑而成的基质中，即菌丝体。

Those hair-things are actually bundles of nutrient-absorbing tendrils -- called hyphae -- from fungi living symbiotically with the plant.

这些毛实际上是束吸收营养的卷须——称为菌丝——来自与植物共生的真菌。

Gaps that size are too small for either roots or hyphae to penetrate, but they do permit the passage of water and dissolved chemicals.

蚕豆根或者菌丝都无法穿过，而只有水和可溶性化学物质能够透过。

So Hueber examined them under the microscope and found long, tube-shaped cells that were similar to the hyphae found in modern fungi.

因此 Hueber 在显微镜检查它们，现长管状细胞与现代真菌中现的菌丝相似。

Once the sugars enter the fungus, they travel along the hyphae through pores between cells or through special hollow transporter hyphae.

糖类进入真菌后，它们通过细胞间的孔隙或特殊的中空转运体菌丝沿菌丝传播。

But unlike its tiny predecessor, the giant fungus sent out huge networks of hyphae in all directions, sending food back to its central pillar.

但与其微小的前身不同， 巨型真菌向各个方向出巨大的菌丝网络，将食物送回其中心支柱。

Previous research has suggested that fungi conduct electrical impulses through long, underground filamentous structures called hyphae – similar to how nerve cells transmit information in humans.

先前的研究表明， 真菌通过称为菌丝的长地丝状结构传导电脉冲—— 类似于人类神经细胞传递信息的方式。

Then, four days from the end, one of the 40-micron meshes in each mesocosm was rotated to sever any hyphae that had penetrated it, and the central plant was then infested with aphids.

到了实验结束前四天，研究人员在每个生态系统中都旋转了个40微米网筛，切断了所有穿过筛孔的真菌菌丝，不久位于中央的那株蚕豆就受到了大批蚜虫的侵扰。

The researchers who conducted this study knew that soil fungi whose hyphae are symbiotic with tomatoes (providing them with minerals in exchange for food) also form a network connecting one plant to another.

土壤中的真菌菌丝与番茄属共生关系，真菌向番茄提供矿物质，作为交换，番茄则向真菌供给“食物”。而实验研究者们同样早就清楚地知道，真菌菌丝还在植物之间构建起了网络。