The first responders are signaling proteins, called interferons.

首先作用就是信号蛋白，它也被称为素。

And they found that, unlike us—the bats always have interferons on patrol.

而结果他们发现，与我们人类所不同是，蝙蝠体内素一作用。

Uninfected cells start secreting interferons alpha and beta, which inhibits viral protein synthesis and protects those cells from getting infected.

未被感染细胞开始分泌α和β素，阻止病毒蛋白质合成，使其他细胞免于被感染。

The drug interferons, not not, yeah.

药物素，不是没有，是。

In one study, people were injected with one of three substances: saline, lipopolysaccharide, or interferon — another inflammation inducing substance.

一项研究中，我们为受试者分别注三种试剂：生理盐水、脂多糖、以及一种可以诱导炎症素。

And I'm also gonna watch a sketchy video on interferons.

我还将观看有关素粗略视频。

(and also on cells from monkeys, as a control). They concluded that always-on interferon pathways probably do speed up viral evolution.

（作为对照，也对猴子细胞进行了实验）。他们总结称，永远活跃素通路可能确实加快了病毒进化。

Lonely people have unusually low numbers of a type of myeloid cell that generates what are known as interferon responses, which hamper viral replication.

孤独人他们血液中骨髓细胞数量异常低，骨髓细胞可以产生素反应，阻碍病毒复制。

Other T cells produce chemicals called lymphokines (such as interferons and interleukins) that have a toxic effect upon cells or bacteria.

其他T细胞产生称为淋巴因子化学物质（如素和白细胞介素），对细胞或细菌有毒性作用。

As an alternative to tuberculin skin test, there are also interferon gamma release assays or IGRAs which look for evidence in the blood of previous exposure to TB proteins.

作为结核菌素试验替代性试验，γ-素体外释放试验分析技术（IGRA）是寻找血液中曾经接触过TB蛋白证据。

So, a person's unique blend of interferon genes may end up explaining whether they develop symptoms, and not just because the proteins interact with the virus directly.

因此，一个人独特素基因融合情况可能才会最终决定他是否会出现症状，而不仅仅是因为蛋白质与病毒接相互作用。

Like, studies have found that a significant number of patients with life-threatening COVID-19 have problems with their interferons, proteins that help spot viruses and interfere with their replication.

例如，有研究发现，大量新冠病毒重症患者素存问题，素是能够帮助识别病毒并其复制蛋白质。

And we know there's one gene in particular that's been targeted called interferon regulatory factor 4, which is important in regulating and producing melanin in the hair.

我们知道， 有一种特定基因被针对， 叫做素调节因子 4，它对于调节和产生头发中黑色素很重要。

In both cases, you should actually be eating nutrient-rich food, which gives your body the energy to heal itself and increases something called gamma interferon which is essential for your immunity against both viral and bacterial infections.

这两种情况下，你都应该吃些营养丰富食物，这可以为身体自行治愈提供能量，并增加一种叫做伽马素东西，这是对免疫病毒和细菌感染来说必不可少。

An intriguing finding is the observation that MSCs can contribute to the formation of stroma in solid tumors and tumor metastases and that they can deliver therapeutic genes such as interferon and induce tumor regressions.

一项有趣发现观察到MSCs可以促进实体瘤和转移瘤中基质形成，并且它们可以运输治疗基因如素并诱导肿瘤消退。

This may be due to the increased growth in T Cells, which are white blood cells involved in your immune response, as well as an increased production of interferon, which causes virus-infected cells to ramp up their anti-viral defenses.

这可能是由于 T 细胞生长增加，T 细胞是参与免疫反应白细胞， 以及素产生增加， 这会导致受病毒感染细胞增强其抗病毒防御能力。