This ribosome reads the instructions from the nucleus.

读取细胞的指示。

The messenger RNA travels to a ribosome.

信使RNA前往。

Just a single ricin molecule is capable of inactivating 1,500 ribosomes per minute as it kills the cell.

蓖麻毒素是一种酵素，每分钟能够毁坏 1500 颗，直细胞死亡为止。

What is actually happening inside the ribosome?

内发生了什么？

And this whole process in the ribosome is called translation.

中的整个过程称为“翻译过程”。

However, this is the first to show how the ribosomes can influence aging.

然而，该研究首次解释出是如何延缓衰老的。

Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells.

普赖斯表示，负责在细胞中合成蛋白质。

Additionally, lead poisoning can also denature ribonuclease which is an enzyme that degrades ribosomes.

此外，铅中毒还会使酸酶变性，是一种降解的酶。

Some ribosomes float free in the cytoplasm, while others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

一些游离于细胞质中，而另一些则附着在内质网上。

The endoplasmic reticulum helps transport proteins made by the ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus.

内质网会将合成的蛋白质运高尔基。

In the cytoplasm, the host cell ribosomes take over viral protein production, helping the virus replicate.

在细胞质中，宿主细胞接管病毒蛋白的生产，帮助病毒复制。

This means that their RNA is actually mRNA, which the host cell ribosomes use to make viral proteins.

这意味着它们的RNA实际上是宿主细胞用来制造病毒蛋白的mRNA。

The cell can use proteins made by the ribosomes to build new structures, repair damage, and direct chemical reactions.

细胞可以利用合成的蛋白质来构建新的组织，修补损伤以及指导化学反应。

The mRNA has travelled out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it binds with a ribosome.

mRNA 已经离开细胞，进入细胞质，在那里它与结合。

Now in the bacterial cytoplasm, there are scattered cell components such as ribosomes which are the sites of protein synthesis.

在细菌细胞质中，有分散的细胞成分，例如，它们是蛋白质合成的位。

The viral genes are transcribed into RNA and go over to the ribosomes, where they are translated into capsid proteins.

病毒的基因被转录为RNA，然后被转运，并且在此处被翻译为衣壳蛋白。

They transcribe DNA into RNA and translate RNA into proteins on ribosomes.

它们将 DNA 转录成 RNA，并将 RNA 翻译成上的蛋白质。

There can be as many as 10 million ribosomes in a human cell, all studded along a ribbon-like structure, called the endoplasmic reticulum.

人类的细胞可能有多达千万个，沿着一个带状结构排列，这个带状结构称为内质网。

The mRNA then travels from the cell nucleus and out into the cytoplasm, until it reaches and attaches to a ribosome.

然后 mRNA 从细胞进入细胞质，直达并附着在上。

Once inside the cell, the ribosome translates the mRNA's instructions and begins assembling the viral protein.

一旦进入细胞，就会翻译 mRNA 的指令并开始组装病毒蛋白。