From the beginning, many people suspected spiritualist mediums to be frauds.

从一开始，许多人就怀疑灵媒骗子。

I can't really even begin to describe how pervasive this spiritualist rage was.

我什至无法真正开始描述这种招魂术的愤怒多么普遍。

William Mumler, an engraver by trade, had been tinkering with photography in a studio owned by his eventual wife, Hannah: a spiritualist medium and professional photographer.

威廉姆·穆勒一名雕刻师，在他最后一任妻子汉娜拥有的一间工作室里捣鼓摄影技术。汉娜一名唯灵论者和专业摄影师。

One influential camp was made up of spiritualists, some of them evangelical Christians, who were convinced that near-death experiences were genuine sojourns in the land of the dead and divine.

一个有影响力的阵营唯灵论者组成，其中一些派基督徒，他们确信濒死体验在死亡和神灵之地的真正逗留。

Slowly, the spiritualists left the field of research for the loftier domains of Christian talk radio, and the parapsychologists and physicalists started bringing near-death studies closer to the scientific mainstream.

渐渐地，唯灵论者离开了自我的研究领域，转向了更高层次的基督教所宣扬的领域，而超心理学家和自然主义者则开始将濒死研究带入更接近科学主流的领域。

Before making investments or embarking in his great railroad ventures, Vanderbilt visited spiritualists; we have one circumstantial account of his summoning the wraith of Jim Fiske to advise him in stock operations.

在进行投资或开始他伟大的铁路事业之前，范德比尔特拜访了唯心论者；我们有一个关于他召唤吉姆·菲斯克 (Jim Fiske) 的幽灵来为他提供股票操作建议的间接记述。

The rebuilding of Notre Dame is both a test and a showcase for France: of its ability to meet an ambitious deadline, to satisfy the demanding global gaze of both secularists and spiritualists and to flaunt French craftsmanship.

巴黎圣母院的重建既对法国的考验，也对法国能力的展示：法国有能力如期完成一个高要求的项目，能满足全世界教徒和非教徒的苛刻审视，并炫耀法国的精湛工艺。