Methods Urinary calculus were removed by ureteric lithotripsy with ureteroscope or mini-invasive percutaneous neral fistulation lithotripsy removed the urolithus.

方法应用输尿镜经尿道或经皮肾造取出尿路结。

Ureteroureterostomy or pyeloureterostomy using native distal ureter were relatively effective and safe .It is advisable for the treatment of ureteric obstruction after kidney transplantation.

经腔移植肾盂输尿体输尿再吻合术，对肾干扰小，术后并发症少，可为开放手术治疗移植肾积水的优先选择。