Tree rings are made of tissue called xylem.

构成年轮组织被称为质部。

This capillary motion is in full effect in xylem filaments thinner than human hair.

在质纤维中毛作用无处不在，质纤维比人头发还。

Right beside the phloem is the tree's other tissue type: the xylem.

就在韧皮旁边是树另外一种组织叫质。

This evaporation, called transpiration, creates negative pressure in the xylem, pulling watery xylem sap up the tree.

种蒸发，叫作蒸腾作用，在质中产生一种负压，把液体质树液往树方拉。

Through that space stretches the vascular bundle, with xylem to transport water and phloem which transport sugars after photosynthesis.

通过个空间，延伸出维管束，质部负责运输水，韧皮部负责在光合作用后运输糖。

So these are xylem sap feeders.

所以是质部汁液饲养者。

And xylem is just 95% water.

质部只有 95% 是水。

And there are two main types of cells that make up that vascular tissue: xylem and phloem.

构成维管组织主要有两种：质部和韧皮部。

Phloem cells, on the other hand, transport stuff mostly in the opposite direction as xylem cells.

另一方面，韧皮部与质部运输方向相反。

To accomplish this herculean task, the xylem relies on three forces: transpiration, capillary action, and root pressure.

要完成样艰巨任务，质要依赖于三种力量：蒸腾作用，毛作用和根压。

And if we zoom in, we'll notice its xylem and phloem cells snuggled together, just like they were in the stem.

如果我们放大，我们会注意到它质部和韧皮部依偎在一起，就像它们在茎中一样。

Right beside the phloem is the tree’s other tissue type: the xylem.

韧皮部旁边是树另一种组织类型：质部。

And pro-tip, xylem is one of my favorite scrabble words.

专业提示，质部是我最喜欢拼字游戏之一。

Sclerenchyma supports organs that are fully mature, and similar to xylem, it has cells that are dead inside (physically, not emotionally) .

厚壁组织支持完全成熟器官，与质部相似，它有从内部死亡（我指是身体，而不是情感）。

Carbon and water, more than 1,000 liters of water, in fact, flow freely through the phloem and xylem tubes carry it along.

碳和水，实际超过 1000 升水，自由流动于韧皮部和质部管道中。

As the plant grows, stem cell clusters called meristems generate new xylem cells, which form bigger pipes to suit the plant's needs.

随着植物生长，被称为分生组织干簇产生新质部，形成更大管道以适应植物需要。

After water flows from the roots to the leaves through the xylem, it can exit the plant through the tiny stomata mouths.

水通过质部从根流向叶后，再通过小气孔口排出植株。

This process, called osmotic movement, creates nutrient-rich xylem sap, which will then travel up the trunk to spread those nutrients through the tree.

个过程，叫做渗透运动，会产生营养丰富质树液，树液会沿着树干向把营养传送到整棵树。

That causes air bubbles to form in the xylem, a specialised tissue that transports water from a plant's roots to its leaves.

会导致质部中形成气泡，质部是一种将水从植物根部输送到叶子特殊组织。

And where these two forces pull the sap, the osmotic movement at the tree's base creates root pressure, pushing fresh xylem sap up the trunk.

两种力量推动树液向，树根部渗透作用也产生树压，把新鲜质树液推树干。