holmium

Ureterolithotomy or ureterocystoscope with holmium revealed that adhesive ureterostenosis in 6, inflammatory ureteral polyp in 4, encapsulation of the calculi by granulation tissue in 2.

术中证实输管炎性狭窄6例，息肉2例，肉芽组织包裹2例。

Ureterolithotomy is thy best way for upper segment ureteral calculi and ureterocystoscope with holmium is the hest way for middle or lower segment ureteral calculi when ESWL fails.

ESWL治疗失败后，输管上段选输管切开取术，输管下段选输管镜下钬激光碎术。