noncooperative

The analysis reveals that the noncooperative games between developers are not Pareto Optimality, while cooperative games are generally Pareto Optimality.

析可知，开发商之间的非合作博弈都不是帕累托最优，而合作博弈常都是帕累托最优。

Bargaining situations are examples of cooperative games. As with noncooperative games, in bargaining one can sometimes gain a strategic advantage by limiting one's flexibility.

“讨还”的这种情况就是合作竞争的一个例子。在非合作博弈中，“讨还”的一方就可以方的适应性而获得策略优势。